Rates, Equilibria and Further Organic Chemistry
Quantitative kinetics, entropy and Gibbs energy, equilibrium constants and acid–base equilibria, plus further organic chemistry of carbonyls, carboxylic acids and chirality.
Topic 11: Kinetics
Rate equations, order of reaction, rate-determining step, Arrhenius equation and heterogeneous catalysis.
Topic Notes
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Topic 12: Entropy and Energetics
Entropy changes, total entropy and feasibility; lattice energies, Born–Haber cycles and enthalpies of solution.
Topic Notes
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Topic 13: Chemical Equilibria
Equilibrium constants Kc and Kp, calculations and the effect of changing conditions on equilibrium position.
Topic Notes
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Topic 14: Acid–base Equilibria
Brønsted–Lowry theory, pH, Ka and Kw, strong/weak acids and bases, buffers, indicators and titration curves.
Topic Notes
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Topic 15: Organic Chemistry: Carbonyls, Carboxylic Acids and Chirality
Aldehydes and ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, acyl chlorides, optical isomerism and reaction pathways.
Topic Notes
Detailed notes, key equations, and common exam pitfalls will appear here once uploaded.